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A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Esketamine Nasal Spray, Administered as Monotherapy, in Adult Participants With Treatment-resistant Depression

A Study of Esketamine Nasal Spray Versus Placebo Spray in Adult Participants With Treatment-resistant Depression

Tominaga Yushin

Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.

5-2, Nishi-kanda 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

DL-JANJP-JCO_TL_TSG_EMP@ITS.JNJ.com

Medical Information Center

Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.

5-2, Nishi-kanda 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo

+81-120-183-275

DL-JANJP-JCO_TL_TSG_EMP@its.jnj.com

Pending

Sept. 09, 2026

Interventional

randomized controlled trial

double blind

placebo control

parallel assignment

treatment purpose

- Participant must meet the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition) (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for single-episode major depressive disorder (MDD) (if single episode MDD, the duration of the episode must be greater than or equal to [>=] 12 months) or recurrent MDD, without psychotic features, based upon clinical assessment and confirmed by the mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) as the primary diagnosis. Participant must have had the first onset of depression prior to 55 years of age
- Participant must have had nonresponse (less than or equal to [<=] 25 percent [%] improvement) to >=2 oral antidepressant treatments in the current episode of depression, assessed using the massachusetts general hospital-antidepressant treatment response questionnaire (MGH-ATRQ), and confirmed by documented records (for example, medical/pharmacy/prescription records or a letter from a treating physician)
- The participant's current major depressive episode, depression symptom severity, and antidepressant treatment response in the current depressive episode, must be confirmed by the state versus trait, assessability, face validity, ecological validity, rule of three P's (SAFER) Interview
- Participant must be comfortable with self-administration of nasal spray medication and be able to follow the nasal spray administration instructions provided
- A female participant of childbearing potential must have a negative highly sensitive serum (Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [Beta-hCG]) at the start of screening and a negative urine pregnancy test must be obtained before the first dose of study drug on Day 1, prior to randomization

- The participant has used ketamine/esketamine (lifetime)
- The participant's depressive symptoms have demonstrated nonresponse in the current major depressive episode to an adequate course of treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), defined as at least 7 treatments with unilateral/bilateral ECT, or to adequate course of treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), defined as at least 4 weeks of treatment with 5 sessions per week
- Participant has received vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) or deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the current episode of depression
- Participant has homicidal ideation/intent, per the investigator's clinical judgment, or has suicidal ideation with some intent to act within 6 months prior to the start of the screening phase, per the investigator's clinical judgment or based on the columbia suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS), corresponding to a response of 'Yes' on Item 4 (active suicidal ideation with some intent to act, without specific plan) or Item 5 (active suicidal ideation with specific plan and intent) for suicidal ideation on the C-SSRS, or a history of suicidal behavior within the past year prior to the start of the screening phase. Participants reporting suicidal ideation with intent to act or suicidal behavior prior to the start of the double-blind treatment phase should be excluded
- Participant has a history of moderate or severe substance or alcohol use disorder according to DSM-5 criteria, except nicotine or caffeine, within 6 months before the start of the screening phase.
a. A history (lifetime) of ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), or 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) hallucinogen-related use disorder is exclusionary
- Participant has a current or history of seizures (uncomplicated childhood febrile seizures with no sequelae are not exclusionary)

Both

Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant

Experimental: Esketamine 56 mg
Participants will be randomized to receive double-blind (DB) treatment with esketamine 56 mg, twice a week for 4 weeks. Participants who complete the DB treatment phase on Day 28 may be eligible to participate in an open-label treatment phase and receive either esketamine 56 or 84 mg.

Experimental: Esketamine 84 mg
Participants will be randomized to receive DB treatment with esketamine 84 mg, twice a week for 4 weeks. Participants who complete the DB treatment phase on Day 28 may be eligible to participate in an open-label treatment phase and receive either esketamine 56 or 84 mg.

Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Participants will be randomized to receive DB treatment with placebo twice a week for 4 weeks. Participants who complete the DB treatment phase on Day 28 may be eligible to participate in an open-label treatment phase and receive either esketamine 56 mg or 84 mg.

Drug: Esketamine 56 mg
Participants will self-administer 56 mg of esketamine as intranasal spray into each nostril.
Other Names: JNJ-54135419

Drug: Esketamine 84 mg
Participants will self-administer 84 mg of esketamine as intranasal spray into each nostril.
Other Names: JNJ-54135419

Drug: Placebo
Participants will self-administer placebo as intranasal spray into each nostril.

1. Double-Blind (DB) Treatment Phase: Change From Baseline in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score From Day 1 to the End of the 4-Week Double-Blind Treatment Phase
The MADRS is a clinician-rated scale designed to measure depression severity and detects changes due to antidepressant treatment. The scale consists of 10 items, each of which is scored from 0 (item not present or normal) to 6 (severe or continuous presence of the symptoms), for a total possible score of 60. Higher scores represent a more severe condition.
Time frame: Baseline (Day 1 [prerandomization]) up to end of the 4-Week DB treatment phase (Day 28)

Refer to Appendix

+81-3-6804-2227

May. 12, 2026

Yes

The data sharing policy of Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine is available at www.innovativemedicine.jnj.com/our-innovation/clinical-trials/transparency. As noted on this site, requests for access to the study data can be submitted through Yale Open Data Access (YODA) Project site at yoda.yale.edu

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