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Development of an Early Screening Tool and Practical Use of Visual Working Memory Accuracy Assessment for Children with Reading and Writing Difficulties

Development of an Early Screening Tool and Practical Use of Visual Working Memory Accuracy Assessment for Children with Reading and Writing Difficulties

Senju Atushi

Hamamatsu University School of Medicine

1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

senju@hama-med.ac.jp

Suda Momoka

Hamamatsu University School of Medicine

1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

+81-53-435-2331

mosud@hama-med.ac.jp

Recruiting

July. 28, 2025

Interventional

randomized controlled trial

open(masking not used)

no treatment control/standard of care control

parallel assignment

basic science

Participants must meet all of the following criteria (for the pilot study, only those who meet criteria 1.a) and 2.-d) will be included):
Children who meet either a) or b) below:
a) School-aged children between 6 and 12 years old
b) Preschool children aged 5 to 6 years (final year of preschool)
Children who meet either c) or d) below:
(Note: For preschool children aged 5 to 6 years, only those meeting criterion d) are eligible.)
c) Children who have previously been diagnosed with a learning disability (LD) or who experience difficulties in reading and writing
d) Children who have not been identified as having delays in reading, writing, language, intelligence, or motor development, and who have no history or current diagnosis of central nervous system disorders (including psychiatric disorders)

Children (or their legal guardians) who provide written informed consent to participate in this study

Children with uncorrected or corrected visual acuity of at least 0.6 in both eyes

(For the pilot study only) Children who have access to an internet connection and a device (such as a computer) that can be operated using a keyboard and mouse

Individuals who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study:

Individuals who have not been diagnosed with learning disabilities (LD) but have developmental delays or a history/current diagnosis of central nervous system disorders, as described in criterion 2-d) above.

Individuals whose uncorrected or corrected visual acuity is 0.6 or less in either eye.

Individuals with obvious impairments in visual functions other than visual acuity.

Individuals who have motor disorders that prevent them from completing the study tasks.

Individuals without a legal representative to provide consent.

learning disabilities (LD) and have difficulties in reading and writing

memory task

Performance fo N-back task

Age

Sex

Medication status (main experiment only)

Visual acuity (main experiment only)

Intelligence test (K-ABC II) (main experiment only)

Visual processing ability test (WAVES or DTVP) (main experiment only)

Reading and writing ability test (STRAW-R) (main experiment only)

July. 25, 2025

none